{"id":2249,"date":"March 14, 2022","title":"Educational Development In India","content":"\r\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Traditional learning<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Early education systems<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">British education in India<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Post-independence educational development\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Educational policies adopted by the Government<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Salient features of educational development in India over the years.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>A Good Education Is a Foundation for A Better Future<\/h3>\r\n<p>Keeping this in mind, the Government of India has taken several measures to ensure the betterment of education in India today.<\/p>\r\n<p>To understand the development of education over the years, we must first understand the genesis of the education system in the country.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dating back to around 5000 BC, when the gurukul system prevailed in ancient India, we can place a pin at this point and claim the origin of the Indian education system.<\/p>\r\n<p>Though it is difficult to put an actual date to the education system in India, it is convenient to start with the gurukul system.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h3>The Ancient Gurukul System<\/h3>\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/the-gurukul-system-of-education-indias-tradition-indias-pride\/\">Gurukul system of education<\/a> is one of the earliest known formal education systems followed in India and maybe even the world.<\/p>\r\n<p>During these days, where this system was prevalent, we can see a scene that is not much different from today. Though concepts and knowledge might have changed over the years, the basic system remains unaltered.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Gurukul system necessitated that students must come to the house of the Guru or teacher to gain knowledge on various subject matters like the universe, <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/math-phobia-a-real-issue\/\">mathematical concepts<\/a>, language, basic bookkeeping, sustenance, etc.<\/p>\r\n<p>Similarly, today students are required to attend classes in demarcated buildings called colleges or schools to attend classes on various subjects.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>The Gurukul system of education, we can say, is a more native form of the Indian education system. It is from this stage, we can notice\u00a0educational development in India.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h3>Early Institutional Education in India\u00a0<\/h3>\r\n<p>When we speak of institutional education we refer to demarcated buildings to impart education.<\/p>\r\n<p>The earliest knowledge we have from ancient texts and accounts of travelers coming to India dates back to about 700BC. It is reported that Takshashila is one of the world&#8217;s first and oldest Universities.<\/p>\r\n<p>The information we receive on Takshashila University speaks volumes of the quality education imparted in the university.<\/p>\r\n<p>Several students from all over the world traveled long distances to receive education at Takshashila University.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>Apart from Takshashila University, there were several other universities and centers of education like Nalanda and Vallabhi.<\/p>\r\n<p>The curriculum at these institutions included Vedas, logic, <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/benefits-of-listening-to-music-while-studying\/\">music<\/a>, medicine, agriculture, commerce, accounts, carpentry, military, artillery, divination, dance, art, mathematics, law, and cattle breeding among other concepts.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>These universities or centers for education focussed on the way of living rather than a more defined pattern of education. Though concepts like mathematics and accountancy were taught, the <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/importance-of-being-focused-in-life\/\">focus<\/a> was mainly on sustenance.<\/p>\r\n<h3>Modern Education<\/h3>\r\n<p>Moving to a more modern concept of education, the British introduced a more defined or definite form of education.<\/p>\r\n<p>The early modern education dates back to the mid 19th century when India was still under British Rule. It was during this time that\u00a0educational development in India\u00a0underwent a drastic overhaul.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>Some of the significant\u00a0Indian education system changes\u00a0that took place was the establishment of universities of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>It must be noted, that though the British brought about a significant change in the education system in India, the real\u00a0Indian education system changes\u00a0occurred after independence.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>Before independence, education was more for the elite, living in the princely states and who could afford the education. Education in the villages and small towns was still a far-fetched concept.<\/p>\r\n<p>The modern\u00a0Indian education system and its development\u00a0took place after independence, where the Government of India took it upon itself to educate the youth of the country.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>You May Also Like<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/importance-of-education-in-life\/\">Why Education Is Important?<\/a><\/p>\r\n<h3>Education in India After Independence<\/h3>\r\n<p>After regaining our independence from the British, the Government of India stressed an all-inclusive education system.<\/p>\r\n<p>This education system was for the masses. The country believed that education is the only key to the progress of the nation.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiaonlinepages.com\/population\/literacy-rate-in-india.html#:~:text=Indian%20States%20Literacy%20Rate%20%20%20S.No%20,%20%2065.46%25%20%2032%20more%20rows%20\">The literacy rate<\/a> at the time of independence was around 12%. However, now, as of 2021, the literacy rate has jumped to a whopping 74.04%.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>Although the country is yet to achieve a 100% literacy rate, we can state that the efforts of the Government in the education sector are laudable.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h3>Post-Independence Government Initiatives for\u00a0Educational Development in India<\/h3>\r\n<p>The first<a href=\"https:\/\/www.recruitment.guru\/general-knowledge\/five-year-plans\/#:~:text=1%20The%20First%20Five%20Year%20Plans%20was%20one,Harrod%E2%80%93Domar%20model%20with%20few%20modifications.%20More%20items...%20\"> five-year plan<\/a> was one of the most important as it gave a boost to the development of India post-independence from the British.<\/p>\r\n<p>A total budget of Rs 2378 crores was allotted for the development of various sectors. A total of 7.9% was allocated for education.<\/p>\r\n<p>Towards the end of the five-year plan in 1956, five Indian Institutes of Technology were initiated by the Government for the development of technical institutes in the country.<\/p>\r\n<p>The planning commission of India stressed the need for universal primary education more for the health of students and mothers rather than on the education itself.<\/p>\r\n<p>This gave rise to the development of several schools even in the rural areas. Panchayats were given the funds and authorities to start schools at the Taluk level.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>This affirmative step gave birth to several pre-primary and primary schools in rural India. The boost in the education sector resulted in a positive change in the education sector in India.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/india\/what-we-do\/education#:~:text=The%20Indian%20Education%20System%20is%20one%20of%20the,250%20million%20children.%20See%20the%20full%20report%20Link\">Indian Education system<\/a> is one of the largest in the world, with more than\u00a01.5 million schools, 8.5 million teachers, and 250 million children.<\/p>\r\n<h3>The\u00a0Education Policy in India<\/h3>\r\n<p>The government has adopted several policies and recommendations for the development of education. In 1968, the Government of India adopted the recommendations of the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kothari_Commission\">Kothari Commission<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Kothari Commission had given 23 recommendations to revamp the education system in India. The recommendations given by the Kothari Commission were regarding the following:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Defects in the existing education system<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Aims of the education<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Methods of teaching<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Textbook<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Curriculum<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Educational structures and standards.<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Physical welfare of students<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Education of women<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Guidance and counseling<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Problems of Supervision and inspection<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Three language formula<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Distance Education<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Selective Admission<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Vocational Education<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Education on Morals and Religion<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">University Autonomy<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Teacher Education<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Adult Education<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">University \u2013 Aims, Objectives, and Functions<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Administrative Problems<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Work Experience<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Higher Education \u2013 Enrolment<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Evaluation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>National\u00a0Education Policy in India\u00a0<\/h3>\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/dsel.education.gov.in\/\">National Education Policy in India<\/a> was formulated in 1986 and amended in 1992.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>Some of the outcomes of the National Education Policy in India were the universalization of primary education, vocation training of secondary education, and specialization of higher education.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h3>Other Initiatives for\u00a0Educational Development in India<\/h3>\r\n<p>Apart from the National Education Policy adopted, the Government took several other <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/importance-of-taking-initiative\/\">initiatives<\/a> for\u00a0educational development in India.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4>1. NCERT<\/h4>\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/ncert.nic.in\/about-us.php?ln=\">National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)<\/a> is an autonomous organization set up in 1961 by the Government of India to assist and advise the Central and State Governments on policies and programmes for qualitative improvement in school education.<\/p>\r\n<p>The major <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/importance-of-objective-setting-in-life\/\">objectives<\/a> of NCERT and its constituent units are to undertake, promote and coordinate research in areas related to school education; prepare and publish model textbooks, supplementary material, newsletters, journals and develops educational kits, multimedia digital materials, etc. organize pre-service and in-service training of teachers; develop and disseminate <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/why-being-innovative-is-important\/\">innovative<\/a> educational techniques and practices; collaborate and network with state educational departments, universities, NGOs and other educational institutions; act as a clearing house for ideas and information in matters related to school education, and act as a nodal agency for <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/importance-and-benefits-of-setting-goals-for-students\/\">achieving the goals<\/a> of Universalisation of Elementary Education.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4>2. UGC<\/h4>\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ugc.ac.in\/\">University Grants Commission<\/a> is a statutory organization of the Government of India by an Act of Parliament in 1956, for the coordination, determination, and maintenance of standards of teaching, examination, and research in university education.<\/p>\r\n<h3>The New Education Policy in India<\/h3>\r\n<p>The\u00a0new education policy in India\u00a0is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.education.gov.in\/sites\/upload_files\/mhrd\/files\/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf\">National Education Policy 2020<\/a>. The new education policy 2020 gives a boost to the education sector all over the country.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Some of the features of the new education policy are:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Early childhood care and education<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Foundational literacy<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Curtailing drop out rate<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Curriculum in schools<\/li>\r\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Inclusive education among other silent features<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>The Indian Education System Changes Over the Years<\/h3>\r\n<p>Over the years, educational development in India has seen a sea of change. We can summarize the Indian education system changes or developments as follows:<\/p>\r\n<h4>1. Inclusive Education<\/h4>\r\n<p>With the introduction of mid-day meals and RTE in schools, the Government has managed to attract a large portion of <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/rural-education-in-india-a-perspective\/\">students from the rural sector and students from below the poverty line<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Government has made primary education free for all children below the age of 14, thereby attracting more students.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4>2. Specialized Education<\/h4>\r\n<p>Apart from general education and primary education, the Government of India has set up several professional institutions for the promotion of specialized <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/top-engineering-courses-after-12th\/\">courses such as engineering<\/a>, medicine, and management institutions.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4>3. Gender Equality in Education<\/h4>\r\n<p>The Government of India has devised several plans and schemes to <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/womens-education-in-india-an-overview\/\">promote education among women<\/a>, a concept where India lags.<\/p>\r\n<p>Several Government schemes like <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beti_Bachao_Beti_Padhao\">Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao<\/a> has seen humongous success in recent times.<\/p>\r\n<h4>4. Higher Education<\/h4>\r\n<p>Today, India has a plethora of quality universities. The presence of public as well as private colleges has improved the quality of higher education in the country.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4>5. Adult Education<\/h4>\r\n<p>To <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/encouragement-is-everything\/\">encourage<\/a> the education of people in the age group of 15 to 35, the first five-year plan of the Government established the National Board for Adult Education.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4>6. Vocational Training<\/h4>\r\n<p>Vocational training has been a part of\u00a0education development in India\u00a0right from the beginning. The first five-year plan and all the subsequent\u00a0education policies in India\u00a0laid stress on the vocational training of the youth.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h3>Conclusion<\/h3>\r\n<p>India, being a vast country with diverse religions, castes, and creeds, implementing modern strategies is not easy.\u00a0Education policies in India\u00a0also suffer from implementation problems.<\/p>\r\n<p>However, we can conclude that\u00a0educational development in India\u00a0is progressing at a rapid rate. It is not far when we see an India with a 100% literacy rate.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>You May Also Like<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/most-literate-states-in-india\/\">Most Literate States in India<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n","excerpt":"<p>Summary Traditional learning Early education systems British education in India Post-independence educational development\u00a0 Educational policies adopted by the Government Salient features of educational development in India over the years. A Good Education Is a Foundation for A Better Future Keeping this in mind, the Government of India has taken several measures to ensure the betterment [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","image":"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/school-3518726_1920-1-1.jpg","category":"Education","link":"https:\/\/collegemarker.com\/blogs\/educational-development-in-india\/"}